Did you know that obesity increases the risk of cancer?
Sheillan
Introduction.
According to the WHO, cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, responsible for nearly 10 million deaths by 2020. There is overwhelming evidence that lifestyle risk factors impact cancer risk and that population-wide changes can significantly reduce the cancer burden. Obesity has been linked to various cancers, including colorectal, post-menopausal breast cancer, endometrial, kidney, esophageal, and pancreatic cancer. Obesity may also increase the risk of other types of cancer, including pancreatic, hepatic, and gallbladder cancer. Compared to normal BMI, obesity poses a 1.5-3.5 fold increased risk of cancer.
What is Obesity?
Obesity is a medical condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of body fat that presents a health risk. The abnormal growth of adipose tissue is caused by the enlargement of fat cells (hypertrophic obesity) or by an increase in fat cell number (hyperplasic obesity). Obesity is characterized by a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher; or a waist circumference of >102cm for men and >88 cm for women.
How does Obesity increase Cancer risk?
Obesity increases the risk of cancer by several mechanisms, including:
· Hormonal changes: Obesity increases the production of hormones such as insulin and estrogen, which can contribute to the development of some cancers. Recent research suggests that adipose tissue-derived hormones and cytokines (adipokines), such as leptin, adiponectin, and inflammatory markers, may reflect mechanisms linked to tumorigenesis.
· Inflammation: Fat tissue produces inflammatory chemicals, damaging cells and leading to cancer development.
· Insulin resistance: Obesity can cause insulin resistance, leading to chronic hyperinsulinemia, increased production of insulin-like growth factors, or increased bioavailability of steroid hormones, increasing the risks of certain cancers such as endometrial, breast, and colon cancer.
· Poor immune function: Obesity can affect the immune system, making it less able to detect and destroy cancer cells.
· Increased oxidative stress: Fat cells can produce substances that increase oxidative stress, damaging cells and increasing the risk of cancer.
What are the Nutritional Guidelines for Obesity?
As a rule of thumb, every person's nutritional needs are different. Working with a registered dietitian who can create a personalized dietary plan to meet your specific needs and goals is always advised. Contact us today if you wish to get the support of our competent dietitian. For the general recommendations, following a healthy and balanced diet that provides adequate nutrients and is low in calories is essential. Here are some general guidelines:
· Reduce calorie intake: to achieve a healthy body weight, always consume fewer calories than you burn. A safe and healthy rate of weight loss is about 1-2 pounds per week.
· Increase fruit and vegetable consumption: Fruits and vegetables have low calories and are high in fiber, which can help you feel full and reduce overall calorie intake.
· Limit added sugars: Added sugars are high in calories and contribute to weight gain. Aim to limit added sugars in your diet to less than 10% of your daily calorie intake.
· Choose whole grains: Whole grains are more filling than refined grains and can help with weight management.
· Limit saturated and trans fats: These fats can raise your body's cholesterol levels and increase the risk of heart disease and other lifestyle diseases. Aim to limit these types of fats in your diet.
· Reduce portion sizes: Be mindful of the portion sizes of the foods you eat. A food scale or measuring cups can help you gauge portion sizes better.
· Never skip meals. Eat regularly and always chew slowly.
· Reduce fat intake by steaming or baking some food.
· Drink plenty of water: Staying hydrated can help with weight management and reduce the desire to overeat.
· Be physically active.
Summary.
Obesity is linked to increased mortality from cancer and decreases life expectancy by 3-10 years, depending on severity. We have the tools to eliminate this menace in our midst. Take that bold step today and reach out to us if you need our competent dietitian's help.
